Evidence mapPaperPMID 41812907Full record

ArticleDiabetes research and clinical practice2026

Basal metabolic rate and risk for diabetes and its complications among 341,790 adults from the UK Biobank.

Joseph Frimpong, Andrew Browne, Wrivu Martin, Pallavi Kaushik, Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs

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Article in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joseph FrimpongClinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
Andrew BrowneClinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
Wrivu MartinClinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
Pallavi KaushikClinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
Louisa Gnatiuc FriedrichsClinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK. Electronic address: louisa.gnatiuc@ndph.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsBasal metabolic rate (BMR) and energy imbalance are determinants of diabetes. We assessed the BMR-associated risk for diabetes in a large cohort.

methodsCox proportional models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for subsequent diabetes and its complications with estimated BMR among diabetes-free participants. The mediating role of vascular-metabolic biomarkers were assessed.

findingsAmong 341,790 participants aged 55.7 ± 8.1 years, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) estimated BMR was 1849 (234) kcal/day in men and 1340 (147) kcal/day in women. Over 12 years follow-up, 4,626 cases of diabetes accrued. Higher estimated BMR showed positive associations with diabetes, with each SD higher estimated BMR associated with a 55% increase in diabetes risk (HR 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-1.59 in men; HR 1.56, 1.49-1.62 in women), and a substantive risk for cardiac complications among those with diabetes (1.71, 1.55-1.89 in men; 1.78, 1.56-2.03 in women), diabetic coma, ketoacidosis and glycaemic disturbances (1.18, 0.99-1.42 in men; 1.35, 1.21-1.50 in women), and stroke (1.27, 1.08-1.50 in men; 1.41, 1.14-1.76 in women). Glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, high-density-cholesterol, Cystatin-C and C-reactive protein explained 10-30% of these associations.

conclusionEstimated elevated BMR was strongly positively associated with risk for diabetes and its complications, suggesting to re-evaluate the role of BMR, in addition to BMI, in diabetes research.

Indexed as

Basal MetabolismDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusAdultAgedBiological Specimen BanksBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUK BiobankUnited KingdomBiomarkersCohort studyDiabetesEnergy balanceMetabolic rateUK biobank

Identifiers

PMID41812907
PMCPMC13328060

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.