Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41813014›Full record

ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2026

Immunosenescence and susceptibility to respiratory viruses: a state-of-the-art review.

Paraskevi C Fragkou, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Charalampos D Moschopoulos, Şiran Keske, Hannah Wozniak, Astrid Malézieux-Picard, Virginie Prendki, Jordi Rello, ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV) and the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE)

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Paraskevi C FragkouCentre for Public Health Research and Education (CPHRE), Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Chrysanthi SkevakiCentre for Public Health Research and Education (CPHRE), Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Charalampos D MoschopoulosEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland.
Şiran KeskeEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland.
Hannah WozniakEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE), Basel, Switzerland.
Astrid Malézieux-PicardEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE), Basel, Switzerland.
Virginie PrendkiEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE), Basel, Switzerland.
Jordi RelloEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE), Basel, Switzerland jrello@crips.es.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-6210
ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV) and the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in the Elderly (ESGIE)

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global rise in the older population poses novel challenges in healthcare systems. Ageing is associated with immunosenescence, a progressive decline and remodelling of the immune system, and with inflammageing, a chronic, low-grade inflammatory process. Both states are associated with increased susceptibility to infections and adverse outcomes, especially in the context of infections. In this review, we examine the molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms of immunosenescence and inflammageing that predispose older adults to increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory viral infections. We also outline the clinical implications of the ageing immune system, along with the most up-to-date evidence on possible biomarkers, preventative measures and treatment options aimed at mitigating the effects of immunosenescence on the vulnerability of older adults in respiratory viral infections.

Indexed as

AgingImmunosenescenceRespiratory Tract InfectionsVirus DiseasesAgedAge FactorsAnimalsDisease SusceptibilityHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInflammation MediatorsPrognosisRisk FactorsInflammation Mediators

Identifiers

PMID41813014
PMCPMC12976883

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.