Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41813263›Full record

ArticleDiabetes & metabolism journal2026

Diabetes Fact Sheet 2025: Special Edition on Diabetes with Obesity and in Pregnancy.

Se Eun Park, Se Hee Min, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Han Na Jung, Joon Ho Moon, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Hee Choi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Se Eun ParkDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Se Hee MinDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jin Hwa KimDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
Seung-Hwan LeeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Han Na JungDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Joon Ho MoonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Kyungdo HanDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea.
Seung-Hyun KoDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Bong Soo ChaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Sung Hee ChoiDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Funding

Korean Diabetes AssociationNational Research Foundation of Korea 2024-00393728
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundWe evaluated epidemiologic trends and clinical characteristics in Koreans with diabetes and obesity and in those with diabetes in pregnancy.

methodsWe analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2012-2023) to assess obesity trends in people with diabetes and used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2013-2023) to evaluate diabetes in pregnancy.

resultsAmong Korean adults with diabetes (≥19 years), 52.4% had obesity and 61.1% had abdominal obesity. Only 39.9% achieved the glycemic target (glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5%). The obesity prevalence was higher in younger age groups, and abdominal obesity showed an upward trend over the last 12 years. Diabetes in pregnancy increased despite declining total births, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rising from 7.6% to 12.4%, and pregestational diabetes from 0.9% to 2.1%, reflecting older maternal age and pre-pregnancy obesity. Women with prior GDM had a higher risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 5.97 to 6.17).

conclusionObesity and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent among Korean adults with diabetes, with abdominal obesity increasing over the past decade, and obesity disproportionately affects younger adults. Diabetes in pregnancy has also increased with older maternal age and worsening pre-pregnancy metabolic health, underscoring the need for early weight-focused prevention.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ObesityPregnancy in DiabeticsAdultDiabesityFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPregnancyPrevalenceRepublic of KoreaYoung AdultDiabetes mellitusObesityPregnancyPrevalenceRepublic of Korea

Identifiers

PMID41813263
PMCPMC12996954

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.