ArticleScientific reports2026
Comparative evaluation of Bacillus subtilis delivery forms reveals their effects on biogenic element excretion in pigs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Probiotics as antioxidant, antistress, and growth-enhancing agents in monogastric animals: a narrative review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excess nitrogen, phosphorus and trace element losses from pig manure accelerate eutrophication and soil degradation. Probiotic Bacillus subtilis produces phytase, protease and other enzymes and postbiotics that may enhance nutrient retention, yet the influence of delivery matrix on environmental outcomes is unclear. Three hundred and eighty-four weaned pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 d) were assigned to four diets until 30 kg body weight: positive control (PC, complete diet), negative control (NC, no additives), BS (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis 87Y spores) and FR (NC + 8% rapeseed meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis 87Y). Apparent total-tract and ileal digestibility (AID), daily excretion and retention of macro- and micro-elements were determined over 72 d. FR pigs showed the greatest improvements: faecal nitrogen fell by 32% and urinary nitrogen by 29% versus NC, lowering total nitrogen output from 6.6 to 4.5 g pig/day. Total phosphorus excretion declined 39% (from 3.05 to 1.85 g pig/day) and calcium retention rose 187%. Faecal zinc and copper were reduced by 63% and 39%, respectively. FR increased AID of phosphorus (from 47 to 70%) and magnesium (from 22 to 43%) by > 20%-points; BS achieved intermediate gains. Predicted farm-gate savings equal 26 kg N and 3.6 kg phosphorus per 1 000 weaners. Embedding Bacillus subtilis in fermented rapeseed meal immobilizes enzymes and metabolites, protects spores and supplies prebiotic levan, delivering larger environmental benefits than free spores alone. Integrating this synbiotic into nursery diets simultaneously valorizes a regional oil-seed by-product, displaces imported soy, and helps swine operations meet nutrient-loss reduction targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.