Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41813770›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Hepatitis E virus in wild boar from Poland.

Anna Didkowska, Daniel Klich, Katarzyna Matusik, Emanuela Di Lecce, Nicola D'Alessio, Francesco Serra, Martina Levante, Marcin Ptak, Ewelina Kwiecień, Ilaria Di Bartolo and 5 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Anna DidkowskaDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland. anna_didkowska@sggw.edu.pl.
Daniel KlichDepartment of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw, Poland.
Katarzyna MatusikDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
Emanuela Di LecceDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Nicola D'AlessioDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Francesco SerraDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Martina LevanteDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Marcin PtakDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
Ewelina KwiecieńDepartment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
Ilaria Di BartoloDepartment of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Luca De SabatoDepartment of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Giovanna FuscoDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
Katarzyna Filip-HutschDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
Krzysztof AnuszDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
Maria Grazia AmorosoDepartment of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy. mariagrazia.amoroso@izsmportici.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen of growing public health concern. HEV genotype 3 is a cause of sporadic human infections in Europe, and is carried by wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study investigated the prevalence of HEV in free-ranging wild boars from different regions of Poland and evaluated the potential risk factors associated with infection. Serum samples (n = 367) were tested serologically for HEV antibodies, and spleen samples (n = 100) for viral RNA using Real-Time quantitative RT-PCR. Detection rates were analysed in relation to geographic origin, sex, and age. HEV-IgG antibodies were detected in 154/367 (41.96%) samples. Viral RNA was identified in 10/100 animals, all of which also tested seropositive. Nested reverse-transcription PCRs amplifying short genomic fragments within ORF1 and ORF2 confirmed five viral sequences: one strain was classified as HEV-3c, related to a human strain from the Netherlands, while the other four belonged to an unclassified subtype similar to sequences reported in wild boar in Europe. Only wild boar density appeared to significantly influence HEV seropositivity. Positive animals were distributed across multiple voivodeships, suggesting widespread environmental circulation.

Indexed as

Hepatitis EHepatitis E virusSus scrofaSwine DiseasesAnimalsFemaleGenotypeMalePhylogenyPolandRNA, ViralSwineRNA, ViralHepatitis E virusOne healthPolandSurveillanceWild boarZoonosis

Identifiers

PMID41813770
PMCPMC13099960

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.