ArticleCell death and differentiation2026
Gut-derived hyodeoxycholate reprograms the spleen-eye immunometabolic axis to suppress autoimmune uveitis.
Article in Cell death and differentiation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis (AU) lacks targeted therapies beyond immunosuppression. We identified hyodeoxycholate (HDCA), a gut-derived secondary bile acid, as a key immunometabolic regulator in AU. Metabolomics revealed systemic depletion of HDCA and oleic acid (C18:1n9) in AU patients and experimental AU (EAU) mice, correlating with disease severity. HDCA administration effectively attenuated EAU by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and elevating IL-10. Mechanistically, HDCA inhibits Farnesoid X Receptor in splenic red pulp macrophages, activating SREBP1c-dependent fatty acid synthase, which enhances oleic acid production. Systemic oleic acid suppresses ocular Th17 responses and promotes M2 macrophage polarization, enhancing anti-inflammatory immunity. These findings define a spleen-to-eye immunometabolic axis driven by HDCA-mediated macrophage reprogramming, positioning HDCA as a promising therapeutic for AU.
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