Evidence mapPaperPMID 41813871Full record

ReviewCurrent obesity reports2026

Personalized Medical Nutrition Therapy and Physical Exercise: The Future of Diabesity Care.

Ludovica Verde, Giuseppe Annunziata, Elisabetta Camajani, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Massimiliano Caprio, Luigi Barrea

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current obesity reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ludovica Verde *Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità Di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Giuseppe Annunziata *Department for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.
Elisabetta CamajaniLaboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Maria Grazia TarsitanoDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.
Silvia SavastanoCentro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità Di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Annamaria ColaoCentro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità Di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Giovanna Muscogiuri *Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità Di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia E Andrologia, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. giovanna.muscogiuri@unina.it.
Massimiliano Caprio *Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Luigi Barrea *Dipartimento Di Psicologia E Scienze Della Salute, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy. luigi.barrea@unipegaso.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of the reviewDiabesity, the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, represents one of the major global health challenges. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on personalized medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and structured physical exercise as cornerstones of diabesity management, with a particular focus on very-low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT). RECENT

findingsConventional pharmacotherapies improve glycemic control and promote weight reduction but often fail to fully address the multifactorial pathophysiology of diabesity. MNT has demonstrated significant efficacy in improving glycemic regulation, reducing weight, and modulating cardiometabolic risk factors. Among dietary strategies, the Mediterranean diet provides sustainable benefits, while more intensive interventions such as low-energy diets and ketogenic diets can induce rapid and clinically meaningful improvements, with emerging evidence supporting favorable effects on gut microbiota and inflammation. Complementary lifestyle interventions, particularly structured exercise programs combining aerobic and resistance training, further enhance metabolic outcomes and may contribute to T2DM remission in selected patients. Integration of MNT with incretin-based therapies holds promise for optimizing efficacy while preserving nutritional adequacy and functional health. Effective management of diabesity requires a multidisciplinary, precision-based approach. Personalized MNT and structured exercise represent foundational strategies, while pharmacological therapies provide valuable adjuncts. Among available options, VLEKT stands out for its ability to target key mechanisms of diabesity, including insulin resistance, adiposity, and chronic inflammation. Future diabesity care will rely on integrating nutrition, physical exercise, and pharmacotherapy within individualized frameworks to achieve sustained metabolic control and improved quality of life.

Indexed as

DiabesityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseNutrition TherapyObesityPrecision MedicineDiet, KetogenicDiet, MediterraneanHumansWeight LossDiabesityDiabetesDietKetogenic therapyMedical nutrition therapyMediterranean dietNutritionObesityPhysical exerciseVLEKT

Identifiers

PMID41813871
PMCPMC12979325

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.