Evidence mapPaperPMID 41814401Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026

C-peptide promotes myogenic differentiation in vitro and low serum levels are associated with sarcopenia in adults and the elderly.

Yvelise Ferro, Alberto Castagna, Samantha Maurotti, Francesca Rita Noto, Elisa Mazza, Valeria Rizzo, Carmelo Pujia, Angelo Galluccio, Angela Sciacqua, Carmine Gazzaruso and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yvelise Ferro *Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Alberto Castagna *Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Samantha MaurottiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. smaurotti@unicz.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1337
Francesca Rita NotoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Elisa MazzaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Valeria RizzoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Carmelo PujiaO.U. Clinical Nutrition, Renato Dulbecco Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Angelo GalluccioDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Angela SciacquaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Carmine GazzarusoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Stefano RomeoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Arturo PujiaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Tiziana MontalciniDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a growing public health problem. Its multifactorial causes including poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and underlying diseases. Research suggests a role for C-peptide in muscle regulation, but its link to sarcopenia is unclear. We hypothesized that low C-peptide associates with sarcopenia and fractures, and that it promotes myogenesis and protects muscle cells from atrophic damage in vitro.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analysed data from 191 individuals aged 50 or older, including serum C-peptide and appendicular skeletal muscle mass measurements, along with falls and fractures assessed at follow-up. Skeletal muscle parameters were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. In parallel, in vitro experiments were performed in C2C12 cells to investigate the effects of C-peptide on myogenic differentiation and its protective role against muscle damage.

resultsIndividuals in the lowest C-peptide tertile had significantly less appendicular skeletal muscle/sarcopenia than those in the highest (p < 0.001). Lower C-peptide significantly increased sarcopenia odds (OR: 0.34; p < 0.001). These individuals also showed higher falls (32%) and fractures (17%) rates compared to the highest tertile (14% and 0%). Fractures were linked to falls and low C-peptide levels (OR: 0.29; p = 0.01). In vitro, C-peptide promotes myogenic differentiation and reduced muscle damage in C2C12 myotubes.

conclusionsOur findings suggest the protective role of C-peptide in musculoskeletal health, demonstrating that higher levels are associated with a reduced risk of having low appendicular skeletal muscle mass/sarcopenia and fractures in adults and the elderly. Moreover, C-peptide enhances myogenic differentiation and protects against in vitro nutrient-deprivation muscle damage. Further studies are warranted to explore the therapeutic utility of C-peptide for the prevention of sarcopenia and fractures in adulthood and aging.

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationC-PeptideMuscle DevelopmentSarcopeniaAgedAnimalsCell LineFemaleHumansMaleMiceMiddle AgedMuscle, SkeletalC-PeptideAppendicular skeletal muscle massC-peptideFracturesMuscle atrophyMyogenic differentiationSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID41814401
PMCPMC13094129

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.