Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41814475›Full record

ReviewCancer biology & therapy2026

Research progress on the compositional characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment and immunopredictive models in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Gongcheng Wang, Zhenzhen Li, Siyu Tan, Jing Ma, Zhiyong Yin, Juan Du, Linni Fan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer biology & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Development of a prognostic prediction model incorporatingJournal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gongcheng WangBasic Medical Research and Experiment Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
Zhenzhen LiBasic Medical Research and Experiment Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
Siyu TanDepartment of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Jing MaDepartment of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Zhiyong YinDepartment of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0009-0000-4340-1902
Juan DuBasic Medical Research and Experiment Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2410-9062
Linni FanDepartment of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4720-7669

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive tract, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as its main histological type. In recent years, immunotherapeutic regimens centered on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved remarkable efficacy in patients with advanced ESCC. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), the degree of clinical benefit varies among patients. This heterogeneity not only affects the biological behavior of tumors but also determines the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy. Therefore, exploring the interactions between tumor cells and diverse immunological components inside the TIME in ESCC, as well as how to use ICIs to reshape the TIME, may bring new therapeutic opportunities for ESCC patients. This review looks at the important aspects of TIME and immunological prediction models and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting both, providing a theoretical basis for improving immunotherapy outcomes in ESCC.

Indexed as

Esophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaImmunotherapyTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPrognosisImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsEsophageal squamous cell carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune predictive modelimmunotherapytumor immune microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41814475
PMCPMC12987515

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.