Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41814525›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2026

Neurocardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Daniela Schoene, Stefanie Deckert, Kristian Barlinn, Hagen B Huttner, Markus Kösters, Timo Siepmann

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Daniela SchoeneDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Stefanie DeckertCenter for Evidence-Based Healthcare, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Kristian BarlinnDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Hagen B HuttnerDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Markus KöstersCenter for Evidence-Based Healthcare, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Timo SiepmannDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5904

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNeurocardiac autonomic impairment with reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may persist in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. We synthesised meta-analytic data on HRV in post-COVID-19 syndrome.

methodsOur systematic review and meta-analysis were guided by PRISMA standards. We used MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science to identify non-randomised studies of HRV in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, conducted more than 3 months after infection and compared with healthy controls. The search covered the period from 01/2020 to 09/2023. We pooled data on the following HRV parameters: standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) and low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio). We applied a random effects model to account for heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed.

resultsFrom 856 initially identified records, we included 11 studies with a total of 1162 participants (593 post-COVID-19 patients and 565 healthy controls). We observed a trend toward lower HRV in post-COVID patients compared to controls, with small to medium effects for SDNN (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.56, p = 0.09), rMSSD (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.36, p = 0.41) and LF/HF ratio (SMD: -0.271, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.07, p = 0.12). Moderate to high statistical heterogeneity of the effects was observed (I

conclusionThis meta-analysis suggests a possible association between post-COVID condition and alterations in neurocardiac autonomic function.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeAutonomic Nervous SystemCOVID-19Heart RateHumansautonomic nervous systemCOVID‐19heart rate variabilitypost‐COVID conditionsSDNN

Identifiers

PMID41814525
PMCPMC13093672

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.