Evidence mapPaperPMID 41814871Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2026

Personalized Optimal Fat Intake for Glycemic Health: Evidence of a U-Shaped Association and Heterogeneity From NHANES.

Xiaoyan Huang, Miaohui Wu, Baoliang Huang

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Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiaoyan HuangDepartment of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3487-9905
Miaohui WuDepartment of Pharmacy, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3742-1428
Baoliang HuangDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4576-0854

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe optimal dietary fat intake for glycemic control is debated. We investigated the dose-response relationship between the fat energy ratio and HbA1c, determined an optimal level, and assessed effect modification by age and diabetes status.

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 6639 U.S. adults from NHANES 2017-2020. The fat energy ratio was derived from two 24-h dietary recalls. Associations with HbA1c were assessed using restricted cubic splines and multivariable regression, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical, and dietary covariates.

resultsA significant nonlinear, U-shaped association was identified (P - nonlinearity < 0.01). The optimal fat intake for minimal HbA1c was 36.0% (95% CI: 32.1-38.2). Stratified analyses revealed effect modification: the optimal ratio was higher in middle-aged (45-64 years: 36.9%) versus younger (18-44 years: 32.2%) and older adults (≥ 65 years: 32.7%), and in individuals with diabetes (38.0%) who exhibited a pronounced U-shaped curve, unlike the flat association seen in those without diabetes.

conclusionGlycemic control exhibits a U-shaped relationship with dietary fat, with an overall optimum at 36.0% of energy. The ideal intake is context-dependent, being higher in middle-aged and diabetic populations, supporting personalized dietary guidelines over universal fat intake targets.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes MellitusDietary FatsGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysUnited StatesBlood GlucoseDietary FatsGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humandietary fatglycemic controlNHANESnonlinear associationpersonalized nutrition

Identifiers

PMID41814871
PMCPMC13140235

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.