Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41815937›Full record

ArticlePNAS nexus2026

Gender and culture shape prosociality more than heat stress in a five-country experiment.

Alessandra Cassar, Andrew Hobbs, Jesse Anttila-Hughes, Francesco Bogliacino, Travis J Lybbert, Irvin Rojas, Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku, John Chetwynd, Jake Cosgrove, Alexander Courtman and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PNAS nexus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Alessandra CassarDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-0396
Andrew HobbsDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-7027
Jesse Anttila-HughesDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Francesco BogliacinoDipartimento di Politica Economica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20123, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-8846
Travis J LybbertDepartment of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-4881
Irvin RojasCIDE, Mexico City 01210, Mexico.
Kelvin Mashisia ShikukuLivestock, Climate, and Environment Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2290-074X
John ChetwyndDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7409-7830
Jake CosgroveDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Alexander CourtmanDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Andrew HallDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Stephanie HermosoDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Scott KlausDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Antonia SottileDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.
Nikita TkachenkoDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8681-3335
Bruce WydickDepartment of Economics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-9026

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A consistent finding regarding human societies is that higher temperatures lead to antisocial behavior, including more crime, violence, aggression, and civil conflict. A large body of research documents this relationship at the societal level, but an understanding of the psychological and physiological mechanisms underpinning the effect of heat on antisocial behavior remains less understood. We present an experiment designed to isolate the impact of elevated temperatures on social preferences, namely egalitarianism, welfare maximization, selfishness, spite, and competitiveness. We exogenously varied temperatures across lab sessions in five countries in which randomly matched participants make incentivized distributional choices to others and decide whether to compete in a tournament. As an additional manipulation, we include a psychological stressor to potentially trigger an antisocial response when combined with higher temperatures. Our sessions were carried out with university student participants in Colombia, India, Kenya, Mexico, and the United States (

Indexed as

climate changeculturegenderheat stressprosociality

Identifiers

PMID41815937
PMCPMC12973499

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.