ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2026
Relationship between immune-related adverse events and treatment outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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18 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have markedly improved the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the prognostic significance of different immune-related adverse events (irAEs) types has not been fully elucidated, particularly in Japanese patients who have a higher susceptibility to interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the occurrence and severity of irAEs and clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 144 consecutive Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs between 2015 and 2022. Clinicopathological factors, including performance status (PS), histology, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, the presence of driver mutations, lines of treatment, and response to treatment, were recorded. Treatments comprised pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab administered as monotherapy or in combination regimens. irAEs were defined and graded following the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: irAEs occurred in 35 patients (24%), with a significantly higher incidence in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%. Patients with irAEs showed significantly higher response rates (56% Conclusions: The occurrence of irAEs is associated with improved response and survival, whereas ILD may not reflect antitumor immunity. These findings emphasize the need for detailed toxicity profiling when interpreting irAEs as potential biomarkers in immunotherapy.
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