Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41816844›Full record

ArticleBioMed research international2026

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Leaves of Tieghemella heckelii on Breast (MDA-MB-468), Liver (HepG2), and Prostate (PC3) Cancer Cell Lines.

Justice Kumi, Abigail Aning, Janet Ampofo, Sherif Hamidu, Eric N Y Nyarko

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Justice KumiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, ug.edu.gh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-2322
Abigail AningDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, ug.edu.gh.
Janet AmpofoDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, ug.edu.gh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5976-6055
Sherif HamiduDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, ug.edu.gh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-4029
Eric N Y NyarkoDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, ug.edu.gh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-2569

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most prevalent disease diagnosed globally. Liver cancer is the fourth most common cause of death globally, while prostate cancer accounts for the second most frequent malignancy among males worldwide. The main treatment options for cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The stem bark of Tieghemella heckelii has been exploited for its medicinal properties. On a broader scale, research on the anticancer properties of T. heckelii has not been explored. It is therefore important to investigate the anticancer potential of the leaves of T. heckelii. The goal of the study was to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activities of the leaves of T. heckelii on breast, prostate, and liver cancer cell lines.

methodsThe leaves of T. heckelii were collected from Asantemanso, Akim Oda, in the eastern region of Ghana. Authenticity of the leaves was performed at the Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana. Aqueous and ethanol extraction were performed on the leaves of T. heckelii after grinding into fine particles, followed by low-temperature drying. Breast cancer (MDA-MB-468), liver cancer (HepG2), and normal kidney (Vero E6) cell lines were cultured in DMEM media, while prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines were cultured in RPMI medium. Anticancer activity of the leaves of T. heckelii was conducted on breast (MDA-MB-468), liver (HepG2), and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.

resultsBoth ethanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated similar cytotoxicity for the HepG2 cell line, with IC

conclusionLeaves of T. heckelii possess cytotoxic properties with notable selectivity against prostate (PC3) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. However, findings should be evaluated in in vivo studies because biological processes can be more complex in living organisms. Further investigation should be conducted to ascertain the bioactive compounds responsible for the anticancer activity.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsLiver NeoplasmsPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesProstatic NeoplasmsRutaceaeCell Line, TumorCell SurvivalFemaleHep G2 CellsHumansMalePC-3 CellsPlant Extracts

Identifiers

PMID41816844
PMCPMC13140860

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.