ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association2026
The costs and benefits of striving: Subclinical cardiovascular disease, depression, and hostility as children navigate adversity.
Article in Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAdversity (e.g., poverty, discrimination, or stress) does not always produce harmful effects. "Striving" against adversity has been linked to positive psychological outcomes, such as lower depression, suggesting resilience; however, striving against severe adversity appears to simultaneously produce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (framed in the literature as "John Henryism").
methodWe assessed striving (self-report survey) and adversity (nine indices, including socioeconomic status, discrimination, and city stress) in a sample of 9-11-year-old children (
resultsAfter adjusting for covariates, we found a number of significant Striving × Adversity interactions (
conclusionsThis pattern we observed is becoming consistent in the literature, whereby striving against adversity produces psychological and physical benefits when adversity is below a certain threshold but produces continued psychological benefits yet CVD risks when adversity rises beyond this threshold. Efforts to protect children living in severe adversity might benefit from interventions designed to maintain the psychological benefits associated with striving against adversity while simultaneously blocking any harm to the cardiovascular system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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