Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41817782›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Associations of surgical menopause and hormone replacement therapy with meningioma development.

William Zeng, Chloe Jedwood, Ryan Chung, David J Cote, Jonathan Dallas, Robert G Briggs, Yetunde B Omotosho, John Carmichael, Gabriel Zada

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

William ZengKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. wlzeng@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7564-1843
Chloe JedwoodKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Ryan ChungKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
David J CoteDepartment of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jonathan DallasDepartment of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Robert G BriggsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yetunde B OmotoshoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
John CarmichaelDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gabriel ZadaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeBilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) exert opposing effects on systemic sex hormone exposure. Although HRT is frequently prescribed following BSO to mitigate surgical menopause, their combined impact on meningioma risk remains unclear. We evaluated meningioma incidence following BSO, HRT, or both.

methodsUsing the TriNetX database, we identified female patients for the following three categories: BSO only, HRT only, or BSO with subsequent HRT (BSO + HRT). Propensity score matching adjusted for demographics and meningioma risk factors. Outcomes included incident meningioma, cranial and spinal subtypes, time-to-event analyses, and surgical resection rates.

resultsCompared with controls, patients who underwent BSO demonstrated a significantly lower lifetime risk of cranial meningioma (RR:0.85, 95%CI:0.74–0.98, p = 0.026). Patients with HRT exposure demonstrated a significantly increased lifetime risk of meningioma diagnosis (RR:1.16, 95%CI:1.09–1.22, p < 0.0001). In contrast, patients who underwent BSO + HRT demonstrated a significantly elevated 10-year hazard (HR:1.684, 95%CI:1.40–2.02, p < 0.0001) and lifetime risk (RR:1.59, 95%CI:1.33–1.90, p < 0.001) of meningioma diagnosis. Risk was highest among BSO + HRT patients with hormonally-driven indications, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and gynecologic malignancy (RRs > 2, p < 0.001). Among patients who developed meningiomas, those with prior BSO + HRT were significantly less likely to undergo surgical resection (RR:0.41, 95%CI:0.23–0.73, p = 0.019) compared with controls.

conclusionBSO + HRT patients have an increased risk of meningioma diagnosis. Risks were particularly elevated among women undergoing BSO for hormonally-driven indications. However, there is a lower likelihood of surgical resection among affected patients. These findings have implications for risk stratification, surveillance, and postoperative hormone management.

Indexed as

Hormone Replacement TherapyMeningeal NeoplasmsMeningiomaMenopauseSalpingo-oophorectomyAdultAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsBSOHRTMeningiomaSurgical menopause

Identifiers

PMID41817782
PMCPMC12982207

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.