ArticlePediatric research2026
Clinical characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with sarcopenia in children: a case-control study.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics of body composition, core symptoms, functional impairment, and comorbidities in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sarcopenia.
methodsA case-control study compared children with ADHD and sarcopenia (n = 85) with matched ADHD-only controls (n = 85). Comprehensive evaluations included body composition analysis and standardized behavioral assessments (SNAP-IV, Vanderbilt, WFIRS).
resultsCompared to the control group, the ADHD with sarcopenia group exhibited significantly lower values on total body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, fat-free mass, bone mineral content, body mass index, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index (False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P < 0.05), while exhibiting higher muscle-to-fat ratio. They also demonstrated lower ADHD core symptom severity, decreased comorbidity proportion (including oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]), and impaired family function (FDR corrected P < 0.05). Regression analysis identified hyperactive-impulsive symptom severity (OR 3.97, 95% CI:2.22-7.12) and increased soft lean mass (SLM) (OR 1.13, 95% CI:1.05-1.21) as predictors of comorbid ODD risk.
conclusionADHD children with sarcopenia had lower body composition values, milder core symptoms, and fewer comorbidities (including ODD). SLM and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms exhibited positive associations with comorbid ODD risk in children with ADHD. IMPACT: Children with ADHD and sarcopenia show skeletal muscle wasting alongside declines in fat mass, protein content, and bone mineral content compared with the control group (children with ADHD without sarcopenia). The ADHD-sarcopenia group (participants with both ADHD and sarcopenia) had significantly lower ADHD core symptom scores (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) and a reduced comorbidity proportion. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and soft lean mass increased the risk of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in children with ADHD.
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41820627What Socratic holds
Registered trials
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