SynthesisBrain and behavior2026
Tongxinluo for the Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCardio-cerebrovascular events continue to pose major life-threatening risks worldwide. Though approved for treatment of angina pectoris and ischemic stroke, the effects of tongxinluo, as a traditional Chinese medicine, on stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remain controversial.
objectiveThis study aims to assess the efficacy of tongxinluo in the secondary prevention of ASCVD.
methodsThe present systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. In this study-level meta-analysis, we conducted a comprehensive search of medical libraries and clinical trial registries, spanning from their inception until November 20, 2024, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tongxinluo versus no tongxinluo in a secondary prevention. The ASCVD population was included. The primary outcome was stroke and MACE. The secondary outcome was MACE and myocardial infarction. RESULTS AND
conclusionFour RCTs, including 7087 patients with known coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or carotid artery plaque, were included in the analysis. Compared to placebo, tongxinluo numerically decreased the risk of stroke with a RR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.61-1.17, p = 0.31). For the outcome of MACE, tongxinluo reduced the risk by 28% (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.88, p = 0.001). Patients randomized to tongxinluo had a RR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54-0.92, p = 0.01) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56-0.92, p = 0.01) for all-cause mortality. In summary, in patients with ASCVD, tongxinluo tended to decrease the incidence of stroke, and reduced the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality by 28%.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.