ArticleNeurophotonics2026
Phantom for standardization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy, part 2: optical properties and Monte Carlo simulations.
Article in Neurophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Phantom for standardization in functional near-infrared spectroscopy, part 1: implementation and usage.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significance: The international standard IEC 80601-2-71 defines requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of medical continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) equipment, including a set of tests based on a dedicated tissue-equivalent phantom consisting of switchable apertures sandwiched between two diffusing media. Aim: In a companion paper, we described a first implementation of this phantom developed by AIST, its basic characterization of attenuation properties, and results of its application in the testing of commercial fNIRS devices. In the present paper, we provide the absorption and reduced scattering spectra of the AIST phantom and of alternative silicone phantom matrices, complemented with extensive simulations on the effect of the phantom optical properties and geometry on the features of the phantom relevant for the fNIRS standard test. Approach: All spectral measurements were performed with time-domain diffuse optical spectrometers for accurate quantification of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient, whereas simulations were obtained using a Monte Carlo code. Results: The POM-C matrix of the AIST phantom exhibits negligible absorption ( Conclusions: We provide valid support for researchers and manufacturers to understand the operation of the phantom described in the fNIRS standard and to replicate it in their labs. In addition, we provide a basis for further evolution of the standard itself to encompass alternative probe geometries or functional tests.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.