ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Tertiary lymphoid structures in genitourinary cancers: a comprehensive review.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Commentary: Characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in prostate cancer and the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on their formation and maturation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in urothelial carcinoma: bridging spatial architecture with therapeutic vulnerability in the post-BCG era.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are lymphoid cell clusters that form in non-lymphoid tissues in response to chronic inflammation and function as sites for localized, antigen-specific immune responses, potentially enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This review examines TLS presence, composition, and clinical significance across genitourinary (GU) cancers to evaluate their potential as prognostic and therapeutic targets. In prostate cancer, TLSs are infrequently found due to a typically immunologically inactive tumor microenvironment (TME), but when present, they correlate with improved outcomes and reduced recurrence, especially when structurally mature with active germinal centers (GCs). Bladder cancer, in contrast, demonstrates increased TLS activity, particularly in high-grade disease, with high TLS density associated with superior responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy and anti-PD-L1 treatment. In testicular seminomas, TLSs have been associated with a more favorable prognosis, whereas non-seminomatous germ cell tumors demonstrate TLS suppression driven by SERPINB9-mediated downregulation of chemokines that promote their development. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), TLSs correlate with improved survival and enhanced immunotherapy responses, although elevated
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.