Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41822505›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Reversing T cell dysfunction in a novel

Hilal Saraç, Rachael Nicholson, Rebecca N Graham, Meera Augustus, Raha Taghavi, Dympna J Connolly, Lindsay Lim, Sofia Lourenco

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. SLA2 is Associated With Immune evasion and Exhaustion of CD8Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hilal Saraç *Bioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, London, United Kingdom.
Rachael Nicholson *Bioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, London, United Kingdom.
Rebecca N Graham *Bioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, London, United Kingdom.
Meera AugustusBioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Raha TaghaviQuantitative Biology, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Dympna J ConnollyBioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Lindsay LimBioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, London, United Kingdom.
Sofia LourencoBioscience, Drug Discovery, Cancer Research Horizons, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: T cell exhaustion driven by chronic antigen stimulation limits durable responses to cancer immunotherapy. Using repeated soluble anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation, we established an Methods: Primary human T cells underwent six rounds of chronic stimulation to generate exhausted T cells (Tex), while single-stimulated controls (Ts) were rested in IL-2 media. Exhaustion states were assessed by flow cytometry, cytokine profiling, spectral flow cytometry, and scRNA-seq with pseudotime analysis, across timepoints, resting and activation along the exhaustion protocol. CRISPR-Cas9 RNP editing targeting RASA2 was performed either before exhaustion ("blocking") or post exhaustion directly in in vitro generated exhausted T cells ("reversal") across both CD8 Results: Chronic stimulation induced robust dysfunction marked by elevated PD-1 Discussion: This work provides the first demonstration of CRISPR editing directly in

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesT-Cell ExhaustionCells, CulturedCytokinesHumansLymphocyte ActivationCytokinesCD4+CRISPR–Cas9 RNP editingdysfunction reversalRASA2scRNA‑seqspectral flow cytometryT cell exhaustion

Identifiers

PMID41822505
PMCPMC12975928

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.