Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41822518›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Single-cell analysis reveals immune remodeling of monocytes, NK cells, T cell exhaustion, and Galectin-9-associated depletion of gamma delta and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in Long COVID with ME/CFS.

Shima Shahbaz, Najmeh Bozorgmehr, Amirhossein Rahmati, Amal Abouda, Hussain Syed, Mohammed Osman, Shokrollah Elahi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shima ShahbazMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Najmeh BozorgmehrMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Amirhossein RahmatiMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Amal AboudaMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Hussain SyedDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Mohammed OsmanDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Shokrollah ElahiMike Petryk School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The cellular mechanisms underlying Long COVID (LC) associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) remain poorly understood. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected 12 months after acute COVID-19 infection from female individuals with LC-ME/CFS and recovered (R) individuals. Comparative analysis was also performed using publicly available scRNA-seq datasets from idiopathic ME/CFS patients. Results: Based on transcriptional signatures, LC-ME/CFS patients exhibited a marked reduction in naïve CD4 Conclusion: Our results reveal extensive peripheral immune remodeling in LC-ME/CFS, distinct from idiopathic ME/CFS, and support a model of chronic immune activation and dysregulation. Our findings offer a cellular framework for understanding LC pathogenesis and point to potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intervention.

Indexed as

COVID-19Fatigue Syndrome, ChronicGalectinsKiller Cells, NaturalMonocytesMucosal-Associated Invariant T CellsSARS-CoV-2AdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaSingle-Cell AnalysisSingle-Cell Gene Expression AnalysisT-Cell ExhaustionGalectinsLGALS9 protein, humanReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaolfactory receptorsplateletsReelinsex hormone receptorsTIM-3Tregs

Identifiers

PMID41822518
PMCPMC12975919

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.