ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Trends in male semen parameters (2011-2018): a large-scale retrospective analysis of 5,886 cases based on the fifth edition WHO manual.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Importance: Global reports suggest declining sperm quality, but data from Asian populations under standardized conditions are limited. Investigating trends in China is critical for understanding modifiable factors affecting male fertility. Objective: To assess decade-long trends in semen quality among healthy Chinese men and evaluate associations with environmental factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective cohort analysis of 5,886 semen samples from healthy sperm donors (aged 20-45 years) recruited between 2011 and 2018 at the Beijing Human Sperm Bank. All procedures adhered strictly to WHO 5th Edition laboratory standards. Main Outcomes and Measures: Annual trends in semen volume, sperm concentration (SC), total sperm count (TSC), progressive motility (PR), total motility (PR + NP), and percentage of progressive motility (PPR). Associations between semen parameters and environmental pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, PM10, PM2.5, waterborne PI/AN) were evaluated using Spearman correlation. Results: From 2011 to 2018, significant improvements occurred across key parameters: SC increased by 12.3% (78-96.5 × 10 Conclusions and relevance: Contrary to global declines, semen quality significantly improved among healthy Beijing donors from 2011 to 2018. This improvement coincided with aggressive environmental policies (e.g., China's 2013-2017 Air Pollution Action Plan), suggesting pollution-related sperm damage may be reversible with targeted interventions.
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