ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
Retinal Hypoxia: Relation to Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Paracentral acute middle maculopathy following physical exertion: A case report.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Reduced inner retinal tissue PO2 (tPO2) from reduced total retinal blood flow (TRBF) often causes visual loss. We tested the hypotheses that, in ischemia, (1) tPO2 is linearly related to TRBF and delivery rate of oxygen to the retinal circulation (DO2), and (2) the relationships of tPO2 with the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and rate of inner retinal oxygen metabolism (MO2) are nonlinear. Methods: The study was performed in 32 rats under either normal condition or a wide range of retinal ischemia induced by ipsilateral or bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The tPO2 and TRBF were determined by multimodal imaging. We also included TRBF, DO2, OEF, and MO2 data in 25 rats from our previous studies using identical methods, but without tPO2 measurements. Results: The tPO2 was linearly related to TRBF (R2 = 0.86). Based on tPO2 derived from TRBF, tPO2 was linearly related to DO2 (R2 = 0.97). OEF was related to tPO2 by a sigmoid function (R2 = 0.97). A critical tPO2, 6.20 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), was derived below which OEF = unity and MO2 decreases linearly (phase 1). Above this value, OEF <1 and MO2 increased as a function of tPO2 (phase 2) according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics (R2 = 0.73). Conclusions: During graded retinal ischemia, we showed a linear relationship between tPO2 both TRBF and DO2. A critical tPO2 value defined the nonlinear biphasic relationships of OEF and MO2 with tPO2. The relationships of these biomarkers show promise for advancing knowledge of retinal ischemia and hypoxia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.