ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Evaluation of saliva and serum heme oxygenase, arylesterase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 levels in patients with stage III periodontitis: a cross sectional study.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), arylesterase (ARE), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2) levels in saliva and serum samples of individuals with Stage III Grade B periodontitis, and to assess their relationship with disease activity and diagnostic potential in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-seven periodontally healthy individuals and thirty-seven patients with Stage III Grade B periodontitis were included in the study. After clinical measurements and sample collection ELISA method was used for analyses of TOS, TAS, OSI, ARE, HO-1, NRF-2 levels.
resultsSalivary TAS, serum TAS, serum ARE, serum NRF-2, salivary HO-1 levels were significantly lower in periodontitis patients compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.015, p = < 0.001, p = 0.031, p = 0.041, p = 0.001). No significant difference was found in salivary and serum TOS, salivary and serum OSI, salivary ARE, salivary NRF-2, serum HO-1 levels (p = 0.685, p = 0.256, p = 0.146, p = 0.738, p = 0.513, p = 0.910, p = 0.256).
conclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the results suggest that decreased antioxidant capacity, particularly involving HO-1 and NRF-2, may contribute to oxidative stress–related tissue damage in periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the roles of HO-1 and NRF-2 in the antioxidant defense system provides novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying periodontal tissue destruction. These biomarkers may help clinicians identify individuals with heightened oxidative stress and increased susceptibility to disease progression, enabling earlier diagnosis and more personalized, targeted therapeutic interventions to improve periodontal health outcomes.
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