Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41824264›Full record

ArticleEuropean geriatric medicine2026

Association of pre- and postoperative delirium with functional status at discharge after hip fracture: findings from the Gruppo Italiano di Ortogeriatria (GIOG 2.0) study.

Maria Cristina Ferrara, Francesca Remelli, Caterina Trevisan, Federico Triolo, Elena Tassistro, Antonella Zambon, Chukwuma Okoye, Elena Pinardi, Alice Margherita Ornago, Alberto Finazzi and 16 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in European geriatric medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Maria Cristina Ferrara *School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy. mariacristina.ferrara@unimib.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7971-5943
Francesca Remelli *Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Caterina Trevisan
Federico TrioloAging Research Center - Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Elena TassistroBicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 Centre), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Antonella ZambonDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Chukwuma OkoyeSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Elena PinardiSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Alice Margherita OrnagoAging Research Center - Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alberto FinazziSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Luca TinelliSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Wenxiang GuoSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Eleonora CuciniSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Elena PageDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Maria Grazia ValsecchiBicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 Centre), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Paolo MazzolaSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe CastoldiOrthopedics and Traumatology Unit - ASST della Brianza - P.O. Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy.
Chiara MussiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Monica PizzoniaOrthogeriatric Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Paola CenaOrthogeriatric Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
Giuseppe SergiAcute Geriatric Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Andrea UngarDepartment of Geriatrics, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Raffaele Antonelli IncalziAcute Geriatric Unit, Campus Bio-medico University, Rome, Italy.
Stefano VolpatoDepartment of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Giuseppe BellelliSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
GIOG Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeEvidence on how the timing of delirium onset influences functional outcomes after hip fracture is scarce, yet is crucial for informing service planning and optimizing orthogeriatric care pathways. We therefore examined the association between delirium occurring at distinct perioperative phases and functional status at discharge in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

methodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent hip fracture surgery between July 2019 and June 2024 at 12 Italian orthogeriatric centers. Delirium was assessed with the 4AT from the day before surgery through postoperative day three. Poor functional status at discharge was defined as a Cumulated Ambulation Score ≤ 2. Associations of preoperative, postoperative, and preoperative + postoperative delirium with poor functional status were examined using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, pre-fracture activities of daily living, pre-fracture ambulation, and time-to-surgery > 48 h.

resultsA total of 1492 patients were included (median age 84 years, Q1-Q3: 79-89; 76.9% female). Delirium occurred in 444 (29.8%) patients: 34 (2.3%) had preoperative delirium, 182 (12.2%) postoperative delirium, and 228 (15.3%) both. The combined presence of preoperative and postoperative delirium was significantly associated with higher odds of poor functional status at discharge (Odds Ratio: 1.57; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.13-2.20) versus no delirium.

conclusionDelirium persisting from the preoperative to the postoperative phase was associated with poor functional status at discharge. Systematic assessment of delirium in both phases may help identify older hip fracture patients at increased risk of poor functional outcome.

Indexed as

DeliriumFunctional StatusHip FracturesPostoperative ComplicationsActivities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansItalyMalePatient DischargePreoperative PeriodProspective StudiesRisk FactorsDeliriumFunctional statusHip fractureOlder adultsOrthogeriatric

Identifiers

PMID41824264
PMCPMC13309458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.