ArticlePloS one2026
Early clinical and laboratory markers associated with post-COVID respiratory syndrome: A retrospective analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPost-COVID-19 respiratory syndrome remains a significant concern, yet early clinical and laboratory markers at the time of admission are not well established. Identifying laboratory markers associated with this condition could help guide clinical management and long-term monitoring. This study aimed to determine which laboratory findings at admission significantly differ between COVID-19 survivors with and without post-COVID respiratory syndrome (PCRS) and assess their potential as markers.
methodsA retrospective comparative study was conducted on COVID-19 survivors who has history of hospitalization at Persahabatan National Referral General Hospital, Jakarta, in 2020-2021, divided into case (PCRS, n:43) and control (nonPCRS, n:42) groups. Demographic data, vital signs, and laboratory findings were analyzed, including complete blood count, kidney and liver function, electrolytes, blood gas analysis, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP).
resultsCompared with controls, cases demonstrated significantly higher neutrophil percentages, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), potassium levels, and respiratory rates, along with lower lymphocyte and eosinophil percentages at admission. After Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, respiratory rate, potassium, BUN, and neutrophil percentage remained statistically significant. In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and markers of disease severity (SpO₂ and/or respiratory rate), potassium and respiratory rate showed consistent independent associations with case status across several models, while NLR retained a modest association only in models incorporating SpO₂. No significant differences were observed for D-dimer or CRP.
conclusionNeutrophilia, lymphopenia, increased NLR, elevated BUN, potassium levels, and higher respiratory rates at admission were associated with post-COVID respiratory syndrome. Among these, potassium levels and respiratory rate showed more consistent associations after adjustment for demographic factors and disease severity markers. These findings describe admission characteristics linked to post-COVID-19 Respiratory syndrome. Larger prospective studies with serial measurements are needed to confirm their clinical relevance and prognostic value.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.