ArticleMedicine2026
Age-related associations between the CALLY index and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: Insights from NHANES population data.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome often co-occur, forming a complex disorder known as cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Identifying biomarkers that reflect inflammation, nutrition, and immune function is crucial for effective risk assessment. The C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, which integrates these factors, has not been explored in the context of CKM syndrome. Data from 9 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2001-2018) were used, including 11,866 adults aged 20 years and older. The CALLY index was calculated as (albumin × lymphocyte count) ÷ C-reactive protein and then log-transformed. CKM syndrome was categorized into stages 0 to 4. Multivariable logistic regression and smoothing splines were used to assess associations between the CALLY index and advanced CKM (stages 3 and 4), with subgroup analyses by age and other variables. A higher log-transformed CALLY index was associated with a lower likelihood of advanced CKM (odds ratio per unit increase: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.95). Individuals in the top tertile had a 21% lower odds of advanced CKM than those in the bottom tertile (odds ratio: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.93). A threshold effect was observed in individuals under 60 years, with protective effects increasing below a CALLY value of 455 units. The CALLY index is inversely associated with advanced CKM syndrome, reflecting systemic inflammation, nutrition, and immune status. Its age-dependent associations suggest opportunities for early detection and targeted interventions, especially in younger adults. Validation in prospective studies is needed.
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