ReviewOral and maxillofacial surgery2026
Three-dimensional facial scanning in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a scoping review of clinical applications, accuracy, and outcomes.
Review in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Goldenhar Syndrome-Embryological, Anatomical, Etiopathogenic Mechanisms and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeQuantitative assessment of facial morphology is fundamental for diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome monitoring in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) facial imaging technologies offer superior reliability and reproducibility compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods. This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on 3D facial scanning applications in maxillofacial surgery, evaluating diagnostic accuracy, monitoring performance, reproducibility, and clinical feasibility.
methodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Twenty clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent methodological quality assessment using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.
resultsStereophotogrammetry was the predominant imaging modality (70% of studies), frequently combined with cone-beam computed tomography. Primary clinical applications included orthognathic surgery with facial asymmetry assessment (50% of studies), evaluation of postoperative edema and swelling following third molar extraction and bimaxillary procedures, facial palsy reanimation, and treatment of cleft-related deformities. Three-dimensional scanning demonstrated high reliability and reproducibility in quantifying soft-tissue changes, symmetry indices, and dynamic facial mobility, with significantly greater precision than 2D photography. Multimodal approaches integrating 3D surface scans with skeletal imaging provided complementary outcome measures. Eighteen of 20 studies demonstrated low risk of bias. However, substantial heterogeneity in scanning devices, post-processing software, and analytical protocols limited cross-study comparisons.
conclusionsThree-dimensional facial scanning offers accurate and clinically useful soft-tissue assessment, surpassing 2D methods and enhancing radiographic imaging. Broader integration requires standardized protocols, robust comparative trials, and evaluation of cost-effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41826787What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.