ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2026
Prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and its association with measures of adiposity and body composition in 16-25-year-old adolescents and young adults in Mumbai.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR) are early indicators of metabolic dysfunction that often precede the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Identifying these conditions in apparently healthy youth-who may not yet exhibit clinical symptoms-is essential for early intervention. Therefore, we conducted this community-based study to determine the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, IR, and their associations with measures of adiposity and body composition in 16-25-year-old adolescents and young adults in Mumbai, India.
methodsParticipants (n = 1313, M
resultsThe prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, IR, overweight, and obesity was 39.7%, 17.3%, 15.0%, and 20.5% respectively. Of those with prediabetes (4.5%), more than half (58.1%) were overweight and almost one-third (29.1%) had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 15.1% in participants with normal weight and 36.4% in those with overweight or obesity. Additionally, we observed that 30.1% of participants who were normal or underweight had hyperinsulinemia, and one-third of those with IR were neither overweight nor obese. The odds of hyperglycemia increased from 2.41 times in individuals with overweight (95% CI 1.91, 6.71, p = 0.03) to 4.67 times in those with obesity (95% CI 1.33, 6.37, p = 0.01). Hyperinsulinemia showed significant associations with body fat percent (OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.29) p = 0.006), waist-to-height ratio (OR 1.66 (95% CI,1.15, 3.30), p = 0.02), and blood pressure (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1,03, 1.20, p = 0.04).
conclusionsThe high prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and IR in adolescents and young adults and their associations with obesity and elevated blood pressure highlight a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors. The findings related to the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and abdominal obesity in participants with normal weight suggest a need for comprehensive screening and further research to develop targeted interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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