ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
GDF15 in Patients with Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-response protein that conveys cellular distress signals to the brain and activates neural pathways leading to weight loss. GDF15 levels are increased in glucocorticoid deficiency; however, multiple factors may influence its levels in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). The objective of this study was to determine circulating GDF15 levels in patients with PAI compared with a control group and to assess their associations with other clinical parameters. We included 37 patients (22 females) with autoimmune PAI and 47 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels, together with anthropometrical, hormonal and biochemical parameters, were assessed. Patients with PAI had significantly higher circulating GDF15 levels than controls did (1276.8 ± 952.1 vs. 682.8 ± 270.2 pg/mL,
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