Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41828658›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Bovine Lactoferrin Modulates Mononuclear Cell Activity in Human Palatine Tonsils.

Takumi Yago, Chisane Kujirai, Hirotsugu Oda, Takahiro Inoue, Hisataka Ominato, Risa Wakisaka, Ryosuke Sato, Michihisa Kono, Hidekiyo Yamaki, Kenzo Ohara and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Takumi YagoR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan.
Chisane KujiraiR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan.
Hirotsugu OdaR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2661-1585
Takahiro InoueDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0009-0006-2457-9063
Hisataka OminatoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-4826-9829
Risa WakisakaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.
Ryosuke SatoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5899-3410
Michihisa KonoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-8506-928X
Hidekiyo YamakiDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kenzo OharaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6957-6206
Takumi KumaiDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-3411-671X
Miyuki TanakaR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7670-7366
Miki TakaharaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2-jo, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lactoferrin (LF) is present in tears, nasal secretions, saliva, and milk and maintains mucosal homeostasis. The palatine tonsils represent the first immune tissue to recognize pathogens invading the oral cavity via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We aimed to investigate the effects of bovine LF on tonsillar immune cells stimulated with ligands of TLR7 or TLR9, which recognize viral single-stranded RNA or bacterial unmethylated CpG DNA. Mononuclear cells isolated from palatine tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis or immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy were cultured with LF, TLR7, or TLR9 ligands. Under TLR7 stimulation, LF enhanced the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), T-killer cells, and B cells without inducing inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, under TLR9 stimulation, LF suppressed the activation of pDCs, myeloid dendritic cells, T-helper cells, T-killer cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, as well as the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, LF decreased the production of the B-cell activation factor (BAFF), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), and galactose-deficient IgA1, all of which are risk factors of IgA nephropathy. Overall, LF may enhance the immune response against viruses and contribute to immune tolerance against commensal bacteria in the palatine tonsils, indicating potential benefits in managing cold-like symptoms, recurrent tonsillitis, and IgA nephropathy.

Indexed as

LactoferrinLeukocytes, MononuclearPalatine TonsilAnimalsB-Cell Activating FactorCattleCells, CulturedCytokinesDendritic CellsHumansToll-Like Receptor 9TonsillitisTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13B-Cell Activating FactorCytokinesLactoferrinTNFSF13B protein, humanToll-Like Receptor 9Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13bovine lactoferrinhuman palatine tonsilsimmune cellsimmunoglobulin A nephropathyinterferonplasmacytoid dendritic cellsrecurrent tonsillitisToll-like receptortonsillar mononuclear cells

Identifiers

PMID41828658
PMCPMC12985629

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.