ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Integrative Analysis of VSMC, Macrophage, and Fibroblast Responses to LDLs in Aortic Pathologies.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Lipid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Pro-Atherogenic Properties of Multinucleated Variant Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with aortic pathologies such as atherosclerosis and thoracic aortic aneurysm posing significant risks due to their asymptomatic nature and potential fatal complications. This study investigates molecular mechanisms underlying CVDs by examining key cellular components of the aortic wall-vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and macrophages-and their responses to low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Using in vitro models, we analyzed phenotypic characteristics, LDL internalization capacity, and secretion/expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, CCL2) in primary VSMCs (from tunica intima and media), fibroblasts (977hTERT), and THP-1 macrophages. Fluorescence staining with BDP 630/650 revealed that all cell types internalize LDLs, with macrophages showing the highest lipid accumulation. ELISA and RT-qPCR demonstrated cell-specific patterns of cytokine secretion and gene expression, both in control conditions and after LDL exposure. The results indicate that VSMCs and fibroblasts, normally involved in vascular tone maintenance and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, acquire pro-inflammatory features under pathological conditions, including increased secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Macrophages exhibited enhanced expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (especially IL-1β) after LDL treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.