ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Accuracy of Diagnostic Investigations in Monitoring Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Strengths, Limitations, and Emerging Biomarkers.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In October 2020, the International Coalition to Eliminate Hepatitis B Virus (ICE-HBV) updated the biomarker framework; they underscored major advances in the understanding of viral and immunologic markers, yet highlighted persistent gaps in their clinical integration. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income regions, where HBV remains a substantial public health problem, including in the pediatric population. To synthesize contemporary evidence, a structured literature search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Classical biomarkers-including HBeAg, HBV DNA, and quantitative HBsAg-remain central for disease staging and therapeutic monitoring, while emerging markers enhance precision in risk stratification: HBcrAg, which correlates strongly with intrahepatic cccDNA activity and virological rebound after NA discontinuation; serum HBV RNA, which offers additional insight into transcriptional activity, which is particularly relevant for RNA-targeted therapies; and quantitative anti-HBc (qAnti-HBc), which reflects stronger humoral imprinting and more competent HBV-specific immune memory, and is consistently associated with fewer ALT flares and reduced virological rebound at end of treatment. Despite these advances, assay standardization, genotype-related variability, and limited pediatric data constrain broad clinical application. Integrating classical and emerging biomarkers into personalized therapeutic algorithms offers substantial potential for refining treatment decisions, predicting post-treatment outcomes, and advancing HBV elimination strategies in diverse clinical settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.