Evidence mapPaperPMID 41828799Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Response of Human Red Blood Cells to Acute and Chronic Oxidant Challenge as Observed Through the Glutathione and Glutathionyl-Hemoglobin Redox Pairs In Vitro and In Vivo.

Federico Maria Rubino

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Federico Maria RubinoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Milano, v. A. di Rudinì 8, I 20142 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9620-1883

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glutathionyl-hemoglobin (HbSSG) reversibly forms under oxidative stress in erythrocytes, where it constitutes the main redox buffer, in a dynamic equilibrium with the thiol (GSH) and disulfide (GSSG) forms of glutathione, that quickly revert to the reduced thiols when oxidative pressure is relieved. Under acute challenge, the "oxidized" GSH pool distributes between GSSG and HbSSG. Recalculation with electrochemical metrics based on redox potentials of the GSSG/GSH and HbSSG/HbSH pairs, plotted in their phase space, improves the understanding of the competing reduction processes. The first process is reduction of the GSSG pool, while, later, HbSSG reduction occurs as a two-step process. HbSSG accumulation in chronic oxidative stress follows an impairment of these steps. In 30 strong smokers, homogeneous levels of HbSSG are in the range of 2.4-11.7% (E

Indexed as

ErythrocytesGlutathioneHemoglobinsOxidantsGlutathione DisulfideHumansOxidation-ReductionOxidative StressGlutathioneGlutathione Disulfideglutathionyl hemoglobinHemoglobinsOxidants1,3-butadienebusulfanchronic oxidative stresselectrochemical potentialglutaredoxinglutathione-dehydroalanineglutathione-S-transferasephase spacet-butyl-hydroperoxidethioredoxinthioredoxin-reductasetobacco smokingtransient oxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID41828799
PMCPMC12985627

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.