Through-Hole Spiral Microstrip Resonator for Inline Dielectric Characterization of Liquids.

Laura Arruzzoli, Giovanni Gugliandolo, Ester Zirilli, Mariangela Latino, Alessandro Pistone, Giovanni Crupi, Nicola Donato

Abstract read

PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Laura ArruzzoliBIOMORF Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-8341-1830

Giovanni GugliandoloDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, 98155 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6500-2232

Ester ZirilliDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, 98155 Messina, Italy.

Mariangela LatinoNational Research Council, Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, 98158 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6801-6875

Alessandro PistoneDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, 98155 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9298-944X

Giovanni CrupiBIOMORF Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6666-6812

Nicola DonatoDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, 98155 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1554-2182

Funding

European Union (NextGeneration EU), MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE ECS00000022

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study addresses the inline dielectric characterization of liquids using a prototype planar resonant sensor with two capacitively coupled spirals, fabricated by inkjet printing on a Rogers RO4003C substrate. The device includes a central hole designed to host a sample vial or a pipe, enabling contactless characterization of liquid solutions, including biological samples. Experimental validation includes stylus profilometry and optical microscopy to verify the thickness, uniformity, and continuity of the conductive film, as well as scattering parameter measurements in the frequency range from 3.5 GHz to 4.0 GHz. The frequency response exhibits two distinct resonances; the corresponding resonance parameters for each mode (resonant frequency fr, amplitude, and quality factor

Indexed as

biocompatible materialsdielectric characterizationinkjet printingin line liquid analysismicrostrip resonatorsensors

Identifiers

PMID41829506

DOI10.3390/s26051544

PMCPMC12986949

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.