Evidence mapPaperPMID 41829893Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Beyond Cholesterol Lowering: Clinical Caution, Personalization, and Nutritional Integration in Statin Therapy.

Giovanni Corsetti, Evasio Pasini

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Giovanni CorsettiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università di Brescia, 25128 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0326-0644
Evasio PasiniDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università di Brescia, 25128 Brescia, Italy.

Funding

private founder not applicable
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundElevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are the cornerstone of LDL-C reduction and are highly effective in secondary prevention. However, their benefit in primary prevention among individuals at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk remains controversial, and long-term adherence is often limited by adverse effects.

methodsThis narrative review summarizes current evidence on the clinical effectiveness of statin therapy, with particular attention paid to the role of nutritional status in modulating statin efficacy, safety, and interpretation of clinical outcomes.

resultsIn primary prevention the effectiveness of statins in reducing cardiovascular events remains mixed. Furthermore, 20-30% of patients in secondary or high-risk prevention do not achieve clinically meaningful benefits despite adequate LDL-C lowering. More than half of statin-treated patients discontinue therapy within two years, most commonly because of adverse effects, without a corresponding increase in cardiovascular mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that malnutrition and sarcopenia may significantly influence statin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thereby affecting both therapeutic response and susceptibility to adverse events. In addition, statin-induced lipid lowering may alter nutrition-related biomarkers, potentially leading to misclassification or overestimation of malnutrition.

conclusionsAlthough statins remain effective agents for lowering LDL-C, their prescription should be embedded within an individualized, patient-centered approach. Current guidelines provide a robust methodological framework for statin use; however, their application should be contextualized rather than automatic. Optimal effectiveness is achieved when pharmacological therapy is integrated with dietary patterns, nutritional status, and lifestyle factors. Incorporating nutritional assessment into statin management may improve tolerability, enhance clinical outcomes, and enable more accurate cardiovascular risk stratification beyond standardized cholesterol-lowering strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsNutritional StatusPrecision MedicineHumansMalnutritionPrimary PreventionRisk FactorsSarcopeniaSecondary PreventionTreatment OutcomeCholesterol, LDLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitorsamino acidscardiovascular diseasemalnutritionnutritional statusprimary preventionsarcopeniastatin-associated muscle symptomsstatins

Identifiers

PMID41829893
PMCPMC12986533

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.