Dysglycemia and Cardiometabolic Risk: Pathophysiological Rationale and the Emerging Role of Nutraceuticals in Integrated Prevention.

Dysglycemia represents an early and progressive stage of cardiometabolic disease, characterized by IR, metabolic inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. Its high prevalence and largely asymptomatic course often lead to diagnostic and therapeutic inertia, resulting in missed opportunities for early intervention. Recognizing dysglycemia as a disease continuum rather than a transitional condition supports the need for anticipatory and integrated preventive strategies. Within this framework, nutraceuticals are emerging as valuable supportive tools in the management of dysglycemia, particularly in individuals with increased metabolic risk who are not yet candidates for pharmacological therapy. Nutraceutical compounds can target key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dysglycemia, including impaired insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered postprandial glucose metabolism. Clinical evidence supports the use of selected micronutrients, polyphenols, and standardized plant extracts in improving fasting and postprandial glycemic control. Phytocomplexes derived from plants such as