Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41830306›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Temporally Delayed Deployment of Photo-Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks Toward Neural Interfaces.

Yeh-Chia Tseng, Eleanor Nguyen Jeakle, Mahjabeen Javed, Rajasree Gopala Krishnan, Thomas J Smith, Yoo Jin Lee, Sahana Dhananjayan, Sasha M George, Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj, Ali Hasan Zuaiter and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yeh-Chia TsengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Eleanor Nguyen JeakleDepartment of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8714-3517
Mahjabeen JavedDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-0064
Rajasree Gopala KrishnanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-4667
Thomas J SmithSchool of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-246X
Yoo Jin LeeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8490-8018
Sahana DhananjayanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Sasha M GeorgeDepartment of Material Sciences and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8640-3343
Manivannan Sivaperuman KalairajDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-7135
Ali Hasan ZuaiterDepartment of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
Majed O AlthumayriDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8804-1491
Hatice Ceylan KoydemirDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-5167
Joseph J PancrazioDepartment of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8276-3690
Taylor H WareDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-7393

Funding

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health 1R01NS131502Office of Naval Research N00014-23-1-2225
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deployable medical devices are designed to be compact during insertion and expand after surgical placement. Devices such as neural interfaces can leverage deployment to minimize the size of the foreign body cascade near the electrode, potentially improving chronic recording and stimulation performance. To trigger deployment, a stimuli responsive material can be used. However, external stimuli are difficult to supply within tissues. Intrinsic changes upon implantation, such as water uptake, are difficult to control and may lead to device failure. Here, we describe a strategy to deploy small-scale structures into soft tissues after insertion without the need for any stimulus. Photoresponsive liquid crystal networks (LCNs) are crosslinked after self-assembly of monomers and adopt a programmed 3D form at room temperature (RT). The trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene enables the 3D LCN films to be flattened by UV light before insertion and revert to 3D forms over 5 h at body temperature. A film programmed to adopt a cone shape with a diameter of 531 µm can actuate to 53 µm in height. Rigidity of the films enables penetration into and deployment within soft tissues. The described materials could potentially enable self-deployable biomedical devices, including neural interfaces with sub-mm features.

Indexed as

Liquid CrystalsPolymersAnimalsAzo CompoundsUltraviolet RaysazobenzeneAzo Compoundsliquid crystal polymerPolymersactuatorsazobenzeneliquid crystal networksmedical devicesphoto‐responsiveshape‐changing

Identifiers

PMID41830306
PMCPMC13206326

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.