Molecular Mechanisms of Mangiferin on Neuroinflammation for Treating Major Depressive Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease with complex etiology, accompanied by high morbidity and disability. Recently, neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial mechanism in major depressive disorder. Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural flavonoid polyphenolic compound primarily extracted from Anemarrhenae Rhizome or mango that exhibits promising anti-inflammatory activity in the preclinical treatment of MDD. The present research used network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify 3 core targets (ICAM1, MAPK3, and MMP9) associated with MGF for treating neuroinflammation in MDD. We have identified MDD as being closely associated with immunity and neuroinflammation, with core targets primarily related to calcium and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, among others. Based on molecular docking studies, MGF has good binding activity with MAPK and MMP9. This research suggests that MGF has the potential to treat neuroinflammation in MDD, providing a basis for further exploration of its clinical application in treating neuroinflammation associated with MDD.