Evidence mapPaperPMID 41832477Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2026

Effect of a postpartum lifestyle intervention among rural women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus from different socioeconomic backgrounds: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in rural China.

Jun Wang, Yang Bai, Yimeng Li, Mengdi Li, Rongqi Li, Yifan Wang, Jie Zhong, Jia Guo

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jun Wang *Healthy China Research Institute, Healthy Beijing Governance Theory Studio, Renmin University of China, China 59 Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.
Yang Bai *Healthy China Research Institute, Healthy Beijing Governance Theory Studio, Renmin University of China, China 59 Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5840-2294
Yimeng LiXiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan province, 410013, China.
Mengdi LiXiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan province, 410013, China.
Rongqi LiHealthy China Research Institute, Healthy Beijing Governance Theory Studio, Renmin University of China, China 59 Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.
Yifan WangHealthy China Research Institute, Healthy Beijing Governance Theory Studio, Renmin University of China, China 59 Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.
Jie ZhongXiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan province, 410013, China. jiezhong@hku.hk.ORCID 0000-0003-1025-7785
Jia GuoXiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan province, 410013, China. guojiacsu@csu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-8304-9947

Funding

China Medical Board 21-424Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 72061160491National Social Science Fund Major Projects 22&ZD144
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLifestyle modification interventions among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history have shown to be effective on preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes, however, the differentiating benefits of lifestyle interventions due to socioeconomic inequalities have remained understudied. The Intensive LifeStyle Modification Program (ILSM) was tailored for women with a history of GDM in low-resource rural areas of China. The current study aimed to examine the effect of the ILSM intervention on physiological and behavioral outcomes between subgroups of women from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

methodsThis study used the baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 18-month data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural women with GDM history in Hunan Province of China. The lifestyle program consisted of a combination of in-person group sessions and telephone consultation sessions on dietary intake, physical activity, and stress management. Using generalized estimating equation, we conducted several subgroup analyses based on indicators of socioeconomic status, including age, ethnicity, income, employment, and education.

resultsA total of 320 women were analyzed. The ILSM intervention showed a consistent significance on reducing fasting blood glucose across subgroups. On the contrary, women with full-time employment and high income (≥3000RMB, approximately 425 dollars, per month) were reported to have greater benefits on intentions to eat low-glycemic foods, BMI and waist circumference, and diabetes risk. Women with younger age (≤35 years) or high education (15 years of education or above) were more likely to benefit on improving higher intentions to eat low-glycemic foods and lowering diabetes risk. Interestingly, compared to ethnic majority, ethnic minority women were more likely to increase intentions to eat low-glycemic foods.

conclusionThe ILSM program demonstrated a consistent significance on reducing fasting blood glucose across women from different socioeconomic backgrounds along with an increase of intentions to eat low-glycemic foods for ethnic minority women, despite of showing ineffective in lower socioeconomic status women on intention to have healthy diet, BMI, waist circumference, and diabetes risk. To fully address health disparities from socioeconomic inequalities, lifestyle interventions should be tailored for individuals with older age, lower education levels, and lower income without full-time employment.

trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000037956), registered on 3rd Jan 2018.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalLife StylePostpartum PeriodRisk Reduction BehaviorRural PopulationAdultChinaFemaleHumansPregnancySocial ClassSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSocioeconomic FactorsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)health inequalitypostpartum lifestyle interventionrural women

Identifiers

PMID41832477
PMCPMC13101359

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.