Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41834752›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Unimolecular GLP-1/Apelin Hybrid Peptides Cause Prominent Appetite Suppression, as Well as Enhancing Insulin Secretion, Beta-Cell Survival and Glycaemic Regulation.

Ananyaa Sridhar, Ethan S Palmer, Sarah L Craig, Elzbieta Krason-Kidzinska, Nigel Irwin, Finbarr P M O'Harte

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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ananyaa SridharCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Ethan S PalmerCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Sarah L CraigCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Elzbieta Krason-KidzinskaCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Nigel IrwinCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-964X
Finbarr P M O'HarteCentre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-4239

Funding

Invest Northern Ireland Proof-of-Concept grant PoC 825Northern Ireland Department for Education PhD Studentship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo characterise the metabolic benefits of a GLP-1/apelin hybrid peptide, namely exendin-4-linker-apelin (ELA), and associated acylated forms, including ELA-Lys

methodsConcentration- and receptor-dependent effects of the peptides on insulin secretion and beta-cell turnover were investigated using in vitro systems. Subsequent analyses included assessment of food intake and glucose tolerance in normal mice and rats, as well as high-fat-fed (HFF) mice.

resultsEnzymatic stability of all ELA peptides was initially confirmed in murine plasma. All peptides significantly augmented insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 cells and isolated islets, linked to engagement of both GLP-1 and apelin receptors, with ELA, ELA-Lys

conclusionThese studies highlight the clear therapeutic applicability of rationally designed GLP-1/apelin hybrid molecules for the treatment of obesity and T2DM.

Indexed as

Appetite DepressantsAppetite RegulationBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsPeptidesAnimalsCell SurvivalEatingExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorInsulin SecretagoguesInsulin SecretionMaleAppetite DepressantsBlood GlucoseExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin SecretagoguesPeptidesVenomsanimal pharmacologydrug developmentexenatideincretin therapy

Identifiers

PMID41834752
PMCPMC13146130

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.