[Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Activation of the NOD1-RICK-NF-κB Signaling Axis and Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Trophoblasts].

Objective: To analyze the differential expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in maternal-fetal interface cells during early and late pregnancy, and to investigate its molecular mechanisms in mediating inflammatory responses. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect Results: NOD1 was expressed in normal first-trimester villi, decidua, and full-term placental tissues, primarily localized in the cytoplasm of trophoblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and decidual cells. The difference in NOD1 expression between full-term placental tissues and first-trimester villi and decidua was statistically significant ( Conclusion: NOD1 is constitutively expressed in trophoblasts and decidual cells at the maternal-fetal interface during normal pregnancy, participating in the regulation of the gestational process. Changes in NOD1 expression correlate with TNFα-induced inflammatory responses. TNFα may trigger inflammatory cytokine release via the NOD1-RICK-NF-κB signaling axis, mediating inflammatory cascades in trophoblasts. These findings provide novel insights into immune regulatory mechanisms during pregnancy.