ReviewAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin2025
Preclinical and Limited Clinical Evidence for Spirulina in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Review in Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to systematically review available animal and clinical studies on the effects of spirulina ( Methods: We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies published from 1980 to April 2024. Experimental studies involving animal (mammalian) models or patients with UC were included. Pooled effect sizes were reported as mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 1,321 documents were identified through the systematic search. Following screening, 16 animal studies and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), derived from one trial, were included. The beneficial effects of spirulina on body weight (MD=8.61, 95% CI=2.98 to 14.25, I Conclusion: Available animal studies suggest beneficial effects of spirulina on UC; however, the limited number of RCTs precludes definitive conclusions.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.