Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41835404›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Sulfurous thermal waters as nature-based health resources: a public health and sustainability perspective.

Elisabetta Ferrara, Giovanna Murmura, Giuseppe Balice, Manela Scaramuzzino, Bruna Sinjari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elisabetta FerraraTelematic University Leonardo Da Vinci, UNIDAV, Torrevecchia Teatina, Chieti, Italy.
Giovanna MurmuraDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Giuseppe BaliceDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Manela Scaramuzzino *Thermal Medical Center of Saturnia, Grosseto, Italy.
Bruna Sinjari *Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The sustainability of healthcare systems has become a central public health concern as chronic diseases, rising therapeutic burden, and environmental constraints increasingly challenge service delivery models. While pharmacological treatments remain essential, complementary low-resource interventions may play a role in selected chronic conditions if framed within evidence-informed and policy-relevant care pathways. This article presents a Perspective on sulfurous balneotherapy as a potential component of sustainable models of care, using the Saturnia sulfurous thermal system as a paradigmatic and well-characterized example rather than an exceptional therapeutic resource. Drawing on concepts from public health policy, planetary health, and biological plausibility related to hydrogen sulfide exposure, the paper examines how such interventions might complement existing health services without substituting conventional medical treatments. The focus is on system-level considerations relevant to Universal Health Coverage, including therapeutic burden, patient acceptability, long-term feasibility, and integration into chronic care pathways in high-income health systems. Rather than providing a systematic review or reporting original experimental data, this Perspective aims to reframe sulfurous balneotherapy within contemporary debates on healthcare sustainability, clarify its limitations, and outline research and policy priorities needed to assess its role in equitable and resilient health systems.

Indexed as

BalneologyHydrogen SulfidePublic HealthChronic DiseaseHumansHydrogen Sulfidechronic diseases managementnon-pharmaceutic interventionspublic health policysulfurous thermal waterssustainable healthcare

Identifiers

PMID41835404
PMCPMC12982433

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.