Evidence mapPaperPMID 41835409Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Negative influence of age and low baseline CD4 on T helper cell recovery among HIV-infected individuals with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil, lamivudine and dolutegravir.

Shanmugam Saravanan, Ramachandran Vignesh, Sakthi Rengarajan, Thiyagarajan Vivekanandan, Yean Kong Yong, Venkatesan Varsha, Princy Mounika, Sathasivam Sivamalar, Madhavan Vidya, Esaki M Shankar and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Shanmugam SaravananSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Ramachandran VigneshPre-Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia.
Sakthi RengarajanSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Thiyagarajan VivekanandanSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Yean Kong YongLaboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Venkatesan VarshaSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Princy MounikaSaveetha College of Allied Health Sciences, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Sathasivam SivamalarDepartment of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Madhavan VidyaAevum BioLabs Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India.
Esaki M ShankarInfection and Inflammation, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India.
Marie LarssonDivision of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Vijayakumar VeluDivision of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Sivadoss RajuState Public Health Laboratory, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, India.
Pachamuthu BalakrishnanDepartment of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Boopathy NishaSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Arcot R VenkateswaranSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
Rajendran KannanSaveetha Medical College and Hospitals (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: A discordant immune response (DIR) refers to inadequate CD4 Methods: This study evaluated DIR in HIV-positive patients receiving a first-line regimen of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and dolutegravir (TLD) at the ART Centre, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. DIR was defined as virological suppression to <150 copies/mL and a CD4 Results: Out of the 112 patients screened, 40 were enrolled in the study. Of the 40 participants 55% (22/40) showed DIR, with equal proportions in DIR350 (27.5%) and DIR500 (27.5%), while 45% (18/40) achieved immune reconstitution. By using ordinal regression analysis, the study found that the baseline CD4 counts were significantly associated with DIR. Univariate analysis indicated that age, baseline CD4 and treatment duration were significantly associated with CD4 recovery. Conclusion: The study highlights that, despite viral suppression with TLD, a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve adequate immune restoration. Lower baseline CD4 was observed to be a key predictor of DIR. These findings underscore the need for early ART initiation, targeted adherence support, and counselling to optimize outcomes and progress toward the UNAIDS 95 target.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingHIV InfectionsLamivudineTenofovirAdultAge FactorsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesDolutegravirFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedOxazinesAnti-HIV AgentsDolutegravirHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingLamivudineOxazinesPiperazinesPyridonesTenofovirdiscordanthighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)immunological discordantvirological discordant

Identifiers

PMID41835409
PMCPMC12979391

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.