Effectiveness of a family-school-community collaborative physical activity intervention.

Background: Family-school-community collaboration is increasingly recognized as a strategy to promote physical activity (PA) in youth, yet evidence in primary school settings-particularly for exercise-related cognition-remains limited. Objective: To evaluate a family-school-community collaborative PA intervention on PA and exercise cognition in primary school students, and to examine associations between PA and exercise cognition. Methods: In this quasi-experimental, one-academic-year study, 515 fifth-grade students (10-11 years) from a public primary school in Guangdong, China, were allocated to an intervention group ( Results: PA increased from pre- to post-intervention in both groups. In adjusted class-clustered ANCOVA models, the intervention was associated with higher exercise cognition ( Conclusion: In this quasi-experimental, single-school study, the intervention was associated with improvements in exercise cognition and perceived benefits, while incremental between-group gains in PA were modest and not statistically robust after accounting for class clustering. These findings support multi-contextual approaches and underscore the potential value of strengthening positive exercise perceptions within coordinated PA promotion efforts.