ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2026
Serum Otolin-1 and Otoconin-90 are not elevated in vestibular migraine: a preliminary case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common cause of episodic vertigo but lacks objective diagnostic biomarkers. The symptomatic overlap of VM with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and Meniere's disease (MD) complicates differential diagnosis. Given that elevated serum Otolin-1 and Otoconin-90 (OC90) levels are established biomarkers in BPPV and MD, this study aimed to determine whether these otoconia-derived proteins are also altered in VM. Methods: In this case-control study, 40 patients with definite VM and 143 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Serum samples were collected during the interictal period. Otolin-1 and OC90 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: No significant differences were found in serum levels of Otolin-1 and OC90 between groups. The median (IQR) Otolin-1 level was 215.5 pg/mL (127.5-314.9) in the VM group vs. 200.6 pg/mL (127.7-284.2) in controls (Cliff's δ = 0.08, Conclusion: These preliminary findings indicate that serum Otolin-1 and OC90 levels are not altered in patients with VM compared to healthy controls. Exploratory analysis revealed a phase-dependent decrease in Otolin-1 within the VM group post-attack. These results argue against significant structural damage to otoconia in VM and support a central/functional pathophysiology. While not positive diagnostic biomarkers, normal levels of these proteins may provide negative evidence to aid in differentiating VM from BPPV or MD, pending future validation.
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