ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the specific microbial signatures and metabolomic profiles of fecal microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and assess the effects of immunosuppressants on their gut microbiota using a longitudinal cohort study. Methods: We enrolled 21 treatment-naïve NMOSD patients and 21 matched healthy controls (HCs). Fecal microbial composition and metabolomic profiles were compared between groups using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, fecal samples from NMOSD patients were collected and reassessed after immunosuppressant treatment. Results: The gut microbial composition and metabolomic profiles of NMOSD patients were distinct from those of HCs. The α-diversity metrics were significantly higher in NMOSD patients than in HCs (P <0.001). Microbiome alterations in NMOSD patients were characterized by increased abundances of Interpretation: Our study revealed significant gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities in patients with NMOSD, which were markedly alleviated after six months of immunosuppressive treatment. These preliminary findings suggest the gut microbiota biomarkers could serve as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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