Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41836449›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune microenvironment in gestational diabetes mellitus: insights from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Rui Zhao, Tingting Chai, Qin Gao, Aimin Jiang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rui ZhaoDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Tingting ChaiDepartment of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Qin GaoDepartment of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
Aimin JiangShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by inflammatory dysregulation that disrupts maternal-fetal immune homeostasis, yet the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to this pro-inflammatory state remains incompletely understood. Methods: This study combined transcriptomic data obtained from the GEO repository and mitochondrial gene lists from MitoCarta3.0 to pinpoint mitochondrial-related genes (Mito-RGs) exhibiting differential expression in GDM. Machine learning algorithms, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were applied to identify hub Mito-RGs. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify enriched pathways in various cell types. A predictive nomogram for GDM was developed based on Mito-RGs scores. Experimental validation was conducted in human placental tissues and a GDM mouse model to confirm hub gene expression. Results: DHRS2, STX17, and TIMM44 were identified as hub Mito-RGs involved in GDM. Scores based on these genes formed the basis of a nomogram with strong predictive performance for GDM. Single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that GDM placental tissues exhibited higher proportions of epithelial cells, macrophages, and NK cells, alongside a significant reduction in tissue stem cells. Glycolysis and hypoxia-related pathways were enriched in epithelial and stem cells, whereas inflammatory and immune-activation pathways were predominantly enriched in macrophages, indicating pro-inflammatory remodeling of the placental immune microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry confirmed significantly elevated DHRS2 protein levels in placentas from GDM patients and GDM mouse models. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the critical impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the pro-inflammatory reprogramming of the placental immune microenvironment in GDM, providing potential targets for anti-inflammatory and immunometabolic interventions.

Indexed as

Cellular MicroenvironmentDiabetes, GestationalMitochondriaAnimalsComputational BiologyDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansMiceNomogramsPlacentaPregnancyTranscriptomebioinformatics analysisgestational diabetes mellitusimmune infiltrationinflammationmitochondrial dysfunctionplacenta

Identifiers

PMID41836449
PMCPMC12979117

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.